12/29/2023 0 Comments Downloading Integrity PlusFor example, imagine that Lisa wants to send an email to Bart. It’s common to use digital signatures with email. It isn’t possible for other people to modify the words in the contract unless they can reproduce your signature, which isn’t easy to do. Anyone can look at the contract later, see your signature, and know it is the same contract. A digital signature is similar in concept to a handwritten signature. You can also use digital signatures for integrity. Get Quality Security+ 501 Practice Test Questions Here Digital Signatures, Certificates, and Non-Repudiation If the two hashes are different, data integrity has been lost. If the hashes are the same, integrity is maintained. Hashes are created at the source and destination or at two different times (such as on the first and fifteenth of the month). A hash is simply a numeric value created by executing a hashing algorithm against a message or file. Unauthorized users can change data, or the changes can occur through system or human errors. Loss of integrity indicates the data is different. Integrity provides assurances that data has not been modified, tampered with, or corrupted.Two key concepts related to integrity are: However, if the script is faulty, it can corrupt the database, resulting in a loss of integrity. As an example, if a database administrator needs to modify a significant amount of data in a database, the administrator can write a script to perform a bulk update. It’s also possible to lose data integrity through human error. You can use freeware such as md5sum.exe to calculate MD5 hashes. If a virus infects a file on the web server, the hash of the infected file would be different from the hash of the original file (and the hash posted on the web site). Users can manually calculate the hash of the file after downloading it and compare the calculated hash with the posted hash. If a program detects that the hashes are different, it knows that integrity has been lost and reports the problem to the user.Īs another example, a web site administrator can calculate and post the hash of a file on a web site. The program performing the download will detect it by comparing the source hash with the destination hash. Some programs can automatically check hashes and determine if a file loses even a single bit during the download process. You can also use hashing techniques to verify that integrity is maintained when files are downloaded or transferred. Some email programs use a message authentication code (MAC) instead of a hash to verify integrity, but the underlying concept works the same way. You can use hashes with messages, such as email, and any other type of data files. This implies that the information should not be trusted as valid. It only tells you that the message has been modified. Hashing doesn’t tell you what modified the message. However, if the hash of the received message is something different, such as 456, then she knows that the message she received is not the same as the message that Homer sent. If the hash of the received message is 123 (the same as the hash of the sent message), she knows the message hasn’t lost data integrity. She can calculate the hash on the received message and compare her hash with the hash that Homer sent. Marge receives both the message and the hash. He then sends both the message and the hash to Marge. For simplicity’s sake, imagine the hash is 123. Homer’s message is, “The price is $19.99.” He creates a hash of this message. If the hashes are different, the data has changed.Īs an example, imagine Homer is sending a message to Marge and they both want assurances that the message retained integrity. If the hashes are the same, the data is the same. By comparing hashes created at two different times, you can determine if the original data is still the same. If the data never changes, the resulting hash will always be the same. A hash is simply a number created by executing a hashing algorithm against data, such as a file or message. You can use hashing techniques to enforce integrity. When this occurs, the data has lost integrity. This can be from unauthorized users, from malicious software (malware), and through system and human errors. However, there are times when unauthorized or unintended changes occur. Ideally, only authorized users modify data. This includes ensuring that no one has modified, tampered with, or corrupted the data. Integrity provides assurances that data has not changed.
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